The learning course explains important terms so that you can follow even without prior knowledge. The examples match the SO-KukaRobotik simulation and deliberately stay within safe offline exercises.
For children: The virtual simulation is meant to spark curiosity. A real industrial robot is not a toy and may only be operated after proper instruction, authorization and under the safety rules of the system.
○ Progress stored locally
MODUL 01
The six axes
Imagine the robot as an arm with six joints. Each joint can rotate. Together they can orient the tool almost anywhere in the workspace.
A1The base rotates the whole robot left or right.
A2The large arm swings forward or backward.
A3Raises or lowers the upper arm.
A4Rotates the forearm around its longitudinal axis.
A5Tilts the wrist up or down.
A6Rotates the tool or gripper at the flange.
When jogging by axis, you move exactly one of these joints at a time. This is often easier for learning because you immediately see what each axis does.
Mini check:
Which axis rotates the robot base?
MODUL 02
What is the SmartPAD?
The SmartPAD is the robot teaching pendant. You use it to select programs, view messages, choose operating modes and move the robot during setup.
On our website it is a training reproduction. It shows the Navigator, program monitor, I/O, actual position, overrides and typical start conditions. The real device also has hardware and safety functions that a website cannot replace.
The modern smartPAD pro uses features such as a touchscreen and a 6D mouse. Our KRC4-oriented demo instead focuses on operating concepts that are especially useful for learning.
Mini check:
Where do you typically look for a program?
MODUL 03
T1, T2, AUT and EXT
Operating modes determine how how a robot is operated or tested. For our learning exercises we begin with T1.
T1Setup and manual jogging at reduced speed.
T2Testing programs under different conditions; on real systems only for trained personnel.
AUTAutomatic mode for prepared sequences.
AUT EXTAutomatic mode in which a higher-level controller provides signals.
On real systems, permitted actions also depend on the safety controller, system state, permissions and user rights.
Mini check:
Which operating mode do we use to begin manual training jogs?
MODUL 04
Enabling switch & safety
During setup, simply pressing Start is not enough. The operator must deliberately enable motion. This helps keep movements controlled and intentional.
A real SmartPAD has a multi-position enabling switch. In T1, motion is enabled only in the correct middle position. Releasing it or pressing it fully ends the enable condition. Our website represents this only as a “Training ON/OFF” switch.
The red emergency-stop button on the website is only a demo. It has no safety effect outside the browser.
Mini check:
What does the web demo represent in simplified form?
MODUL 05
Move the robot manually
“Jogging” means moving the robot step by step manually using the teaching pendant.
By axis: A1 to A6 are moved individually. Cartesian: You think in X, Y and Z – similar to right/left, forward/backward and up/down. A, B and C are additionally used for orientation.
A low HOV is useful for beginners because the motion is easier to observe. In our simulation you can also choose an increment.
Mini check:
Which override affects jogging in our demo?
MODUL 06
WORLD, BASE and TOOL
The same button can move the robot differently depending on the coordinate system you are using as your reference.
WORLDFixed world coordinates of the cell.
BASECoordinates for a workstation, table or fixture.
TOOLCoordinates that rotate with the tool.
A simple picture: WORLD is the room, BASE is the worktable and TOOL is your hand. When you rotate your hand, “forward” for the hand suddenly points in a different direction – that is exactly why TOOL matters.
Industrial BASE example: If a fixture is moved and the BASE reference is adjusted correctly, points stored relative to it can move with the workstation. In suitable applications this avoids reteaching many individual points.
A program is like a recipe: line by line it tells the robot what to do.
In the Navigator you first select a file and choose it as the active program. Before START, check the operating mode, enabling/drives state, messages and desired run mode.
GOThe sequence runs to the end.
MSTEPThe demo stops after a motion block.
ISTEPThe demo executes runnable lines one by one.
Mini check:
Which mode runs to the end without step stops in the demo?
MODUL 08
PTP and LIN
PTP and LIN are two different ways of moving from one point to another.
PTP simply means: the axes move together to a target pose. The exact path of the tool through space is not necessarily a straight line.
LIN means: the tool point should move in a straight line to the target. This is useful, for example, when a workpiece should be lifted or placed vertically.
In our pick-and-place template, PTP is therefore used for larger repositioning moves and LIN for controlled approaches to pick or place points.
Mini check:
Which motion type is intended for a straight tool path?
MODUL 09
Grippers, sensors and I/O
Robots do more than move. They also read signals and switch devices.
Input ($IN): The controller receives information, for example “workpiece present”. Output ($OUT): The controller switches something, for example a gripper.
Our training cell has three practice tools: TOOL_DATA[1] Parallel gripper with $OUT[1], TOOL_DATA[2] Vacuum gripper with $OUT[2] und TOOL_DATA[3] 3-finger gripper with $OUT[3]. TRUE activates the tool, FALSE releases it. This is only our training assignment – real systems can be wired very differently.
Mini check:
Which signal type controls the gripper in our demo?
MODUL 10
Messages & stopping safely
If something does not start, the message is not an annoyance – it tells you what is still missing.
Check calmly: Is the correct program selected? Is the operating mode appropriate? Is the enabling signal missing? Are the drives/demo permissions available? Is the program waiting for an input?
In the simulation, the start display shows the reason directly. STOP ends the program run. The emergency-stop demo also locks the training logic, but it is explicitly not a real safety function.
Mini check:
What is the first sensible step when a message appears?
MODUL 11
Industrial robot or cobot?
Both are robots. The main difference lies in how they are designed for their task and integrated into a system.
Industrial robot: In our simulation the KR 6 R700 sixx represents this category. Such robots often work in clearly separated cells and are designed for fast, repeatable processes.
Cobot: The LBR iisy is designed for collaborative applications and has a sensitive, compact design. Our open cobot cell shows what such a workstation can.
Important: “Cobot” does not automatically mean every application can run without safeguards. The tool, speed, workpiece and task must be assessed for safety on the real system.
In the simulator you can switch between KR 6 R700 sixx, LBR iisy 3 R760 und LBR iisy 11 R1300 . The 3D models are simplified training representations, not digital twins.
Mini check:
Can a cobot always be operated without safeguards automatically?
NEXT STEP
Try it now
Open the simulation and first test “Greifer_Test”, then “PickPlace_A” and finally “SensorPick” with $IN[1].